Design Guidelines for Hot Tubs

Hot Tub Safety

• Fences aren't required around hot tubs, as they're generally equipped with a cover when not in use. Regardless, when accidents occur on private property, the owner and his insurance policy are liable. Install a ground-fault circuit interrupter on outlets close to the hot tub. Better yet, make it a practice to use only battery-operated devices near the hot tub. The outlet for the spa should be no closer than 5 feet and not farther than 10 feet, and installed by a licensed electrician. Light the area to illuminate the entry and seating.

Specifications

• Ensure the foundation can bear the weight of the hot tub -- a full hot tub with four occupants can weigh nearly 6,000 pounds. A concrete pad at least 4 inches thick or interlocking brick surface are suitable, if constructed properly with a compacted base. Before installing a hot tub on a deck, check the maximum load capacity of the deck and compare it to the weight of the hot tub.

Physical Location

• Place the hot tub close to the house in a sunny area if possible for solar gain, and sheltered from the wind to protect from the cold. Dirt and debris from soft areas easily track into the hot tub, providing a walkway near the hot tub helps to keep it clean and comfortable to access. Place the equipment compartment of the hot tub in such a manner so that excess water drains away.

Regulations

• Under a specified size, hot tubs are not subject to regulations as stringent as swimming pools, but they may require a building permit for installation. Building codes generally require setbacks from the back and side yard for placement, similar to outbuildings, and hot tubs need to be away from septic tanks, basements and easements. A site plan may be required for the building permit, showing the location of such elements. There may be additional requirements from a homeowners' association.