Tillers come in many sizes and some use different methods, but their basic function is to "fluff" the soil.Tillers typically have long handles connected to spinning blades. These tools kick up soil, aerating it and making sure that water can properly penetrate it when it's time to grow plants.
Garden forks, which are popularly called pitch forks, look like giant forks that are operated with two hands and are used to turn over large chunks of soil. They can also be used to remove clumps of weeds or pest bushes from the roots.
Shovels come in a variety of sizes and come with flat, triangular heads that are used to dig holes in or remove soil. Spades are shovels with narrower, often rectangular heads. Shovels are an absolutely essential gardening tool, as there are few seeds that can be planted without holes. Small shovels for lifting individual plants and digging in pots are called trowels.
Rakes are poles with metal fingers at the end. These metal fingers are used to scrape up and collect debris, usually leaves, and put them in convenient piles for disposal. Rakes come in a variety of sizes and can also be used to tug away at annoying weeds. There are two types of rakes: leaf rakes, which have flexible metal fingers arranged in a fan-like pattern, and standard rakes, which have solid fingers arranged in a straight line, like a comb.
Shears are used to trim foliage off of bushes, trees, or other plants if they are extending too far. Some shears are hand held and look like scissors and are used for smaller leaves, while others can be used for larger pieces of foliage like thin branches and require two hands. Pruning shears often have two cutting blades at the end of a pole, which can be activated using a handle at the bottom. These shears are used for trimming the leaves in tall trees.
Lawn mowers are used to cut down your grass so that it doesn't grow out of control. There are numerous types of mowers. Traditional push mowers use cylindrical spinning blades that spin as you move, cutting the grass below it. Electric and gas mowers use horizontal spinning blades and motors and can be pushed along much easier than traditional mowers. Ride-on mowers literally look like small tractors with blades underneath, allowing users to sit down and drive them. These are convenient when mowing large tracts of land.
Other equipment you may need include leaf blowers, which push leaves around with powerful gusts of air, wheelbarrows, which can be used to carry around material, or hose sprayers, which can be used to spray water or fertilizers.