Turn off the water to the toilet at the shutoff valve. Flush the toilet to empty the tank.
Pour 1 gallon of white vinegar into the toilet tank. Fill a bucket with water. Pour the water into the toilet tank to raise the water level above the highest mold stains.
Allow the diluted vinegar to remain in the toilet tank overnight to kill the mildew spores and loosen the stains from the sides of the tank.
Sprinkle baking soda onto a long-handled scrub brush. Scrub the inside of the toilet tank to remove the mold stains.
Turn the water supply back on. Flush the toilet to rinse out the inside of the toilet tank.
Pour white vinegar over the brush bristles and add baking soda to tackle any remaining mold stains in the toilet tank. Flush the toilet to rinse them away. Leave the lid off the toilet tank so the portion above water level can air-dry.