How to Convert Pig Iron Into Steel

The process of converting pig iron into steel is known as steelmaking. There are two main methods of steelmaking: the basic oxygen process (BOP) and the electric arc furnace (EAF) process.

Basic Oxygen Process (BOP)

The BOP process is the most common method of steelmaking. It involves blowing oxygen through molten pig iron in a converter vessel. The oxygen reacts with the impurities in the pig iron, such as carbon, silicon, and manganese, to form slag. The slag is then removed from the vessel, leaving behind molten steel.

Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) Process

The EAF process involves melting scrap steel and pig iron in an electric arc furnace. The electric current creates an arc between the electrodes and the scrap metal, which melts the metal and forms a slag. The slag is then removed from the furnace, leaving behind molten steel.

Comparison of the BOP and EAF Processes

The BOP process is more efficient than the EAF process, but it requires a higher quality of raw materials. The EAF process is more versatile, as it can be used to melt a wider variety of materials, including scrap steel.

Post-Processing

After the molten steel has been produced, it is typically subjected to further processing, such as rolling, forging, and heat treating, to improve its properties and make it suitable for different applications.