Pepper Stem Root Growth

Early Growth

• Most gardeners buy nursery transplants but to start peppers from seed, sow them 1/4 inch deep in potting soil. Use a heating mat to keep them at 80 degrees Fahrenheit until they germinate, which typically occurs in seven to 10 days. Thereafter, store them at 75 degrees Fahrenheit. Young pepper plants develop a few small stems with wedge-shaped leaves.

Mature Plants

• Pepper plants are related to eggplants and tomatoes and have a similar bushy appearance. While tomatoes usually form just one stem, peppers may have multiple stems forming from strong roots. The plants grow 12 to 18 inches high, depending on the variety, and have long, pointed leaves and white blossoms that later produce fruit.

Fertilizer Needs

• For the strongest stem and root growth, dig a high phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizer into the soil before planting. Use a phosphorus starter fertilizer to minimize transplant shock and encourage strong root growth. Fertilize the peppers with a nitrogen fertilizer after the plant begins setting fruit. Nitrogen fertilizers applied too early in the season may reduce flowering and fruiting in favor of leafy growth.

Growing Conditions

• In addition to adequate nutrients, peppers need full sun, evenly moist soil and warm temperatures to develop strong roots and stems. Peppers do not tolerate cold temperatures, which can stunt growth or even kill the plants. Protect young pepper plants during cold weather with floating row covers.