What Is the Difference Between Basil & Sweet Basil?

Basil, scientifically known as Ocimum basilicum, is a versatile herb belonging to the mint family. It is widely used in various culinary traditions worldwide, adding a distinct and aromatic flavor to dishes. There are several species of basil, each possessing unique characteristics and uses. Here are some of the most commonly known types:

1. Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum):

- Characteristics: Sweet basil is the most popular variety and is commonly used in Italian and Mediterranean cuisines. It has a sweet, slightly anise-like flavor and a pungent aroma.

- Uses: Sweet basil is widely used in fresh and cooked dishes such as salads, pasta, pizza, sauces, and marinades. Its leaves are often torn or chopped to release the maximum flavor.

2. Thai Basil (Ocimum basilicum var. thyrsiflora):

- Characteristics: Thai basil, also known as "Siam queen" or "lemon basil," is native to Southeast Asia. It is characterized by its distinct anise and citrusy notes, making it a staple in Thai and Vietnamese cooking.

- Uses: Thai basil is commonly used in stir-fries, curries, soups, and noodle dishes. Its flavor complements spicy and sour dishes.

3. Holy Basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum):

- Characteristics: Holy basil, also called "tulsi," is native to India and holds significant religious and medicinal importance in Ayurvedic practices. It has a slightly peppery and camphoraceous flavor.

- Uses: Holy basil is commonly used in Indian and Southeast Asian cuisines, both fresh and dried. It is used in religious ceremonies, teas, and as a culinary herb in dishes like soups, curries, and vegetable preparations.

4. Lemon Basil (Ocimum basilicum var. citriodorum):

- Characteristics: Lemon basil has a pronounced citrusy aroma and flavor, making it a favorite herb for adding a zesty touch to dishes.

- Uses: Lemon basil complements poultry, fish, seafood, and salad dressings. Its refreshing flavor adds a distinct citrus note to various culinary creations.

5. Purple Basil (Ocimum basilicum 'Purple Ruffles'):

- Characteristics: Purple basil is known for its vibrant purple leaves, which retain their color even after cooking. It has a slightly sweet and mild flavor compared to other basil varieties.

- Uses: Purple basil adds visual appeal to dishes and is commonly used in salads, dips, and as a garnish.

These are just a few examples of the diverse basil varieties available. Each type offers unique flavor profiles and culinary applications, making basil an indispensable herb in various cuisines around the world.