Tips for Deck Railing Construction

Check Local Codes

• Before beginning construction, consult your local building codes to determine the requirements for your deck railing. These codes are usually strict, and you may be fined if you build a railing that does not meet the necessary measurements. In many cases, codes dictate that the railings must measure at least 36 inches above the deck surface. The vertical balusters that form the railing must typically be no more than 4 inches apart. You may also be required to install a grippable handrail if your deck stairs contain more than four treads.

Precut and Prepaint Railing

• While it may require more prep time, precut and prepaint --- or stain --- your deck railing prior to installation if possible. If you do not take these steps, there will be areas of the railing where bare wood touches up against other bare wood because they cannot be painted or stained once the railing is assembled. As a result, the railing may be susceptible to rot and may not last as long as a railing made with fully painted or stained wood, since water will enter the grain more easily. By measuring your deck, you can easily predetermine the length of the posts, pickets and horizontal railing pieces you need so you can cut them in advance and paint all of the railing components before installation. This way, all areas of the wood surface will have a protective coat of paint or stain.

Start Spacing in the Center

• When spacing out the balusters that form the railing, start in the center and work out toward the ends. You can use a jig to properly space the baluster according to local building codes. It often helps to use a 1-inch-thick board to prop up the ends of the balusters that connect to the top rail so you have better leverage when screwing the other ends into the bottom rail.

Do Not Attach to Deck

• For the best results, you should attach your deck railing to its framing members. Do not attach the railing directly to the deck surface. If the railing is attached directly to the deck, it is usually weaker and may pose a safety risk to your family and friends. Anchoring the railing to the side of the deck provides a sturdier, safer railing.

Use the Right Hardware and Fasteners

• When selecting screws, nails and metal connectors, choose high-quality, durable hardware. If you live in an oceanfront area where your railing may be exposed to salt spray, stainless steel nails, screws and connectors are a must, but they are an effective option in all areas. The type of wood you use for your deck may also require specific fasteners. For example, if you use redwood, the California Redwood Association has a list of screws, nails, washers, bolts and connectors that are approved for use with the wood.