Spray off the deck and deck railings with a garden hose or power sprayer to remove any debris.
Use a stiff brush and a mixture of wood cleanser or laundry detergent to scrub the surface.
Rinse the deck and railings thoroughly with water and allow it to dry for two to three days before painting.
Inspect the railings and repair any damage such as loose nails or screws. Secure all connections.
Apply wide masking tape around the base of the railing posts and around any spots where the railing touches the wall or siding.
Spread out a dropcloth or plastic sheeting to protect the deck. Staple or tack down the edges of the cloth to the deck to keep it from moving or blowing away.
Start at the top of the railing and work your way down to catch any drips that might occur. Apply several thin coats of paint to prevent sagging or drips. Use a variety of tools to apply the paint including rollers, paint pads or brushes. A small paintbrush is essential, however, for the underside of the railings and around any decorative woodwork.
Paint each individual railing spindle ensuring that paint covers every inch of exposed wood, if it is not visible. The paint will protect the wood from the elements and keep it from rotting. Apply the paint thoroughly to areas where wood pieces connect.
Apply a polyurethane topcoat to the railing if desired. The topcoat will help protect the railing from wear.