Go to a rough opening for a window on the wall. Place the end of the tape measure on the rough sill. This is the board running horizontally at the bottom of the window opening.
Measure the distance from the top of the rough sill to the bottom of the header. The header is the board at the top of the opening. Hold the tape against the vertical trim stud to keep it straight. Write down the vertical measurement. This is the window height.
Place the tape on the top of the rough sill. Measure the inside distance between the trim studs. Write down the horizontal measurement, which is the window width.
Go to a door opening. Measure the vertical distance from the floor to the bottom of the header plate. Hold the tape straight. Write down the number. This is the door height.
Measure the horizontal distance between the inside of the trim studs in the door opening. Hold the tape level. This is the width of the door.